Question 4c

1. Energy Supply for Cells

• Glucose is the main energy source for body cells, especially for the brain and red blood cells.
• Low Blood Glucose (Hypoglycemia): Insufficient glucose impairs cell energy supply, leading to symptoms like dizziness, confusion, and, in severe cases, unconsciousness.

2. Prevention of Hyperglycemia (High Blood Glucose)

• High Blood Glucose over time can damage blood vessels and organs.
• Leads to complications like cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, and nerve damage, common in uncontrolled diabetes.

3. Maintaining Osmotic Balance

• Excess glucose in the blood increases blood osmolarity, drawing water out of cells by osmosis.
• Results in cell dehydration, which disrupts normal cellular function, leading to increased thirst and urination.

4. Hormonal Regulation and Homeostasis

• Proper regulation allows the body to meet varying energy demands (e.g., after meals or during fasting), ensuring metabolic stability.
• Blood glucose is regulated by hormones like insulin and glucagon to maintain balance.