Question 4a

i. Glycogenesis
Glycogenesis is the process of converting glucose into glycogen.

• Answer: The letter E represents glycogenesis, as it indicates the conversion of glucose in the liver to glycogen in the liver.

ii. Glycogenolysis
Glycogenolysis is the process of breaking down glycogen into glucose.

• Answer: The letters B and F represent glycogenolysis, as they show the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver (B) and in muscle tissue (F).

iii. Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis is the process of creating glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, lactate, and pyruvate.

• Answer: The letter J represents gluconeogenesis, as it involves the conversion of non-carbohydrate substrates (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol) into glucose in the liver.

iv. Processes promoted by the action of insulin
Insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose, including glycogenesis.

• Answer: The letters A, C, E, and H represent processes promoted by insulin. A represents glucose uptake from the blood after digestion, C represents glucose uptake by the liver, E indicates glycogenesis in the liver, and H represents glycogenesis in muscle tissue.

v. Processes promoted by glucagon
Glucagon promotes the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis) and the production of glucose (gluconeogenesis).

• Answer: The letters B, F, and J represent processes promoted by glucagon. B and F indicate glycogenolysis in the liver and muscle, respectively, and J indicates gluconeogenesis.

Summary of Corrected Answers:

v. Processes promoted by glucagon – B, F, J

i. Glycogenesis – E

ii. Glycogenolysis – B, F

iii. Gluconeogenesis – J

iv. Processes promoted by insulin – A, C, E, H